Causes, Fixes & Prevention of Bad Sectors in Your Hard Drive?

A sector in a hard drive platter is a small cluster or area where actual data is stored. Normal hard drive can have from 1 to 6 platters and a single platter can have over millions of sectors. Including platter, any hard drive will also have heads, spindle motor, firmware, PCB etc. responsible for its smooth functioning. However, being an electronic device, hard drive may have one or more failing mechanical equipments which gives birth to data inaccessibility, permanent hard drive failure or system startup failure etc. After which, one may not able to retrieve the stored content as well as permanently looses accessibility to their system.

Bad sectors on the hard drive platter could be developed throughout its lifespan which may make OS unable to read or write information on that particular section. Moreover, bad sector would stress the read/write head of hard drive and causes subsequent delays in accessing the memory/information. As a result, hard drive will start failing, throwing system freezes or sometime gives black or blue screen of death (BSOD).

What causes bad sectors?

Sector is usually a block of information stored on the hard disk and having standard size of 512 bytes. These sectors can easily become bad due to imperfections of this real world. Though, you can found some most common causes which contributes heavily towards building bad sectors and blocks on the hard drive platter,

1. System infected with Virus / Trojan / Malware – Any malicious computer program can physically harm your computer and damage surfaces of the platter or inject wrong information on the sector. However, Some DOS attacks were used to misguide operating system to treat sector as bad even if they weren't.
2. Abnormal Shutdown: Not properly shutting down the PC may results in wrong positioning of read/write head which tends to move around the platters when system is running. Sometime, sudden system shutdown due to power failure could make platters to get in contact with the read/write arm and damage that area called sectors.
3. Power Surge: Improper power supply or not using the reliable electricity medium causes hard drive equipments to be overheated sometime and thus, damages the magnetic area around the hard drive platter.
4. Aging Equipments: Being an electronic device, hard drive equipments may start wearing out and bad sectors were created over time. As this process seems bit natural and depends on the overall hard drive age, these cases are least considered but worth checking.
5. Faulty Heads: Heads plays crucial role in retrieving or storing information on/from the platter. It keeps rotating over platter without making contacts to the platter but when it does, produces bad sectors. Shaking or moving hard drive while any ongoing operation could make the head to get in contact with the platter and again, produces bad sectors.
6. Manufacturer faults: Bad supplier or low quality manufacturer could deliver hard drive with poor quality equipments which reduces overall lifespan of your hard drive. Bad sectors were developed quite frequently on hard drive with bad equipments. Most often, bad sectors were already created when the drive is first manufactured.

Once the bad sector is developed, it starts damaging nearby sectors and soon make your whole hard drive with thousands of bad sectors. You can use various hard disk checker utility like S.M.A.R.T. To check hard drive for bad sectors as well as other crucial parameters like spin rotation, heat, equipments status and many more.

Type of Bad Sectors
There are usually two types of bad sectors took place in modern as well as traditional hard drives:

Hard or Mechanical or Physical are the one caused by heads after coming in contact with platter surface of the hard drive. For ex, if the computer is bumped or dropped while reading/writing data from/to the disk would make hard drive heads to crash or damage the area. Extreme heat, faulty heads, dust or other ageing equipments could also contributes heavily towards hard bad sectors.

Once the hard bad sectors is created, it can only be prevented, neither removed or reformed. Best bet is copy/save all your important stuff into another hard drive and replace the drive as soon as possible to stay away from various catastrophic data loss situations.

Though, if your hard drive fails due to hard bad sectors and you've lost any or all your important data, using data recovery services would be the last hope. Highly cleaned room with skilled equipments where special treatments were used to carefully open hard drive equipments and recover data from the storage area.

Soft or logical bad sectors are less drastic and delivers minimum harm to your PC or the stored data. It is created when an error correction code of a sector can't verify the content of the same sector due to virus/threats injection on the BIOS section, improper system shutdown or directory structure corruption.    

Soft bad sectors can be repaired by using low level formatting (quick format) or disk check/repair tools which fills zero's in all the soft bad sectors. Disk wiping process is pretty effective and completely removes soft bad sectors around the hard drive, however you might permanently lose the stored data and data recovery isn't possible even by using professional recovery program. 

How to repair bad sectors?
There are choices to repair bad sectors by using either inbuilt utility or software provided from third party. As there is no guarantee of repairing bad sectors, you can still try any of the options mentioned below.

Using Inbuilt Utility
Various inbuilt check disk utility is available to check hard drive health status or any running issues and repair them immediately. Microsoft provided this utility for free of cost with Windows to help troubleshoot file system errors, scan and fix bad sectors found around the hard drive.


                                           

Running check disk utility is completely safe and doesn't harm overall functioning of your PC. As check disk utility will perform scan and recovery concurrently, this process might takes time little longer than usual.

Here's how you can start check disk utility in your PC:

1. Double click on My Computer  from the desktop or press 'window button + 'E'.
2. Right click on the desired drive you want to check and choose properties. Note:You can't check and repair all the drive at once.
3. From the opened properties window, select Tools tab and click on Check Now.
4. Check disk box will open containing options like Automatically fix file system errors and Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors. Mark both the options or can leave the first one only if you wants to check only hard drive for bad sectors and repair it.
5. Click on Start to initiate check disk operation.
6. Enter administrator password if requested and click OK.
7. Wait for sometime and then restart PC once the operation is completed successfully.

Using third party software

Spinrite is a professional hard disk check and repair utility suitable for all the latest Windows operating system and works effectively on FAT, NTFS and Linux formatted volume. The software is self explanatory and requires simple steps to boot from DOS environment and repair almost any kind of bad sectors.

            

Note: Spinrite could costs your around $ 89 USD.

Preventing bad sectors in future

Below are the precautions steps you could take to avoid bad sectors from being developed around your hard drive,

1. Use inbuilt disk defragmenter utility to stabilize operations and reduces stress from heads. Run this utility at least once or twice in a month or schedule it to run periodically. It also helps in managing disk spaces and thus, reducing overall burden from the heads.
2. Always use, professional and recommend anti virus software to keep your system clean and malware free.
3. Avoid bumping or throwing during ongoing operations.
4. Use system in cooled and dust free environment.
5. Use standard cables or connecting media for longer durability.
6. Use proper shutdown or standard way to turn your system off. Use UPS or similar power backup devices to make sure that you always have enough time to safely shutdown your PC when the power is absent.
7. Running OS repair utility could also shorten the occurrences of bad sectors around the hard drive.

Have you found bad sectors in your hard drive or planning to check, what utility you're using or the way you'll recommend to repair bad sectors? Don't forget sounds all this using the comment form below.

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Learn about OS X formats and NTFS compatibility for Macs

As a Mac user you must agree how crucial it is to get the hard drive formatted under correct format to run the Macintosh HD flawlessly on OS X. The disk utility gives us huge amount of authority to erase/format/partition a hard drive as per our need. The day a Mac user brings in a new external hard drive the first job is to get it formatted with the help of disk utility. If the hard drive is meant to be used only for Macs then formatting the drive under various Mac default format is most suited. Let us quickly look at those default formats included in the Disk Utility's Partition tab.  

• Mac OS Extended (Journaled)

• Mac OS Extended (Journaled, Encrypted)

• Mac OS Extended (Case-Sensitive Journaled)

• Mac OS Extended (Case-Sensitive Journaled, Encrypted)

• Ms-DOS (FAT)

ExFAT

Now an obvious question arises, which format is best suited for a hard drive. A new Mac user will certainly fall into confusion which one to select. So, let's make thing easy by understanding each of them one-by-one.

1. Mac OS Extended (Journaled): - Do you know, all Mac's hard drives comes pre-formatted with Journaled and they exclusively are used only for Macs. So, please forget if you want to read Ex-FAT with this format. It won't. 


2. Mac OS Extended (Journaled, Encrypted): - The encrypted part included in this format tightens up the security of the hard drive & its data from an unauthorized user. It protects the hard drive by putting a password which is required to mount it every time. One must always remember this password to access the drive easily. If password is forgotten then the hard drive will remain in lock mode depriving you of all the data inside it. Though using a Mac data recovery tool will let you scan the hard drive (an unmounted drive) & recover all your files. This kind of format is mostly used by professionals who don’t compromise with their data & drive access with others.


3. Mac OS Extended (Case-Sensitive Journaled): - This format is least recommended for a user to format his/her hard drive. The reason behind this is, a normal Journaled format will analyze two files like 'xyz.jpg' and 'Xyz.jpg' present in the same folder as same. On the other hand, Case-Sensitive format will view both the files as different as the alphabets used to name the file are in lower & upper case respectively. This would result in many applications to a fail launch, hence not recommended to use.


4. FAT: - Now, this traditional format is used to format a hard drive which would make it run on both a Mac and PC. You can find numerous articles on how to format a hard drive for Mac & PC stating to use the FAT format. The only limitation with FAT is it won't allow a file to save which is larger than size 4GB. To overcome FAT limitations, Ex-fat is recommended which operates faster and does not limit to 4 GB limitations.


5. NTFS: - This format is not at all supported by a Mac, neither will you find in the menu. But, yes with the help of a professional non-Apple tool, user can run to read the NTFS formatted hard drive.

Why Macs don't care about NTFS file systems?

When you switch from a PC to Mac then this question strikes you at several interval trying to find out how you can run your PC hard drive formatted with NTFS on Mac OS X? To be candid, there is no inbuilt OS X mechanism available in Mac to run a hard drive formatted with New Technology File Systems. If you connect a NTFS formatted hard drive to Mac then it will show up but only in read-mode, OS X Mac will not write a piece of data onto it. Probably, you could have wished if both Apple and Microsoft have some common shared platform for their respective operating systems providing full opportunity to access applications within different file systems (say NTFS and HFS). Unfortunately both Macs and PCs are two different sides of the coin.

While Microsoft has licensed NTFS & no one else can use it for development of their OSs. Similarly, HFS+ is licensed by Apple and without the proper ownership of any of the technology it would certainly not be possible to work on it for both the computer giants.

Facts to know about NTFS on Macs?

• With bootcamp assistant, the Mac partition is formatted with the MS-DOS (FAT) file system and not with NTFS. Windows OS on Mac access only its drive (partition) and not the OS X.

• NTFS on Mac exists but only in extremely limited features. A Mac is able to read a NTFS formatted hard drive but write feature is unavailable to this date. Apple restricted itself to read mode although many speculated that write version to NTFS drive would be made in upcoming versions of the OS X. But this has never been officially announced or done by Apple Inc.

However, it did happened, NTFS was about to be officially a part of OS X Snow Leopard but again Apple decided to let off this feature. To my surprise, users can still access to the NTFS read-write facility without the help of any third party utility like NTFS 3G. This can be done by terminal commands. To go through the commands visit – MacForum Threads.

Tuxera for Mac is one such utility software that can write to a NTFS formatted hard drive device in the very simplest form. Downloading and installing this app is as simple as any other utility. The .PKG file is installed on your hard drive and it refreshes itself to locate mounted NTFS media devices. To launch the application, go to System Preferences and click on the Tuxera icon. Here is it's first screenshot

• By default these four options will be already selected. You can also Disable this app by clicking the Disable button. The GUI is made quite user friendly. For the less technical users, the first option which is “Enable File System Caching”, implies that Window OS by default saves the data that is read and write to-from a disk. Same would be done here in Mac too. By this option, the read-write operations will access the caches data from the OS X rather than from the disk.

• This option will enable user to view all mounted NTFS hard drives as well as devices.

Pros of this app – Genuine application to read/write a NTFS disk on Mac. Very user friendly, not at all confusing or technical. Affordable choice over Parallel for Macs.

Cons of this app – This useful software is available for 15 days free download period and cost $15 to use it for life-long.

Alternative app for Tuxera is NTFS 3G which costs free. But don't install and use both the apps simultaneously as both of them could collide.

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9 worse habits involving humans and gadgets

Man invented technology, moulded it to various forms and produced infinite gadgets just to make life easier, comfortable, and prolific. While humans today are busy developing some more super gadgets, most of them hardly spent any time to improve their own personal habits. These bad habits or negligence causes uncountable amount of damage to life, money, and emotions. Today's topic will include few points that will focus the role of both technology (and gadget) combined with worse human habits (or negligence).

Worse Habit #1

Leaving a device in an open place – Crowded places like a coffee shop, perhaps a mall are hot favourite destinations where you may accidentally leave behind your tech valuables like smart-phones, laptops, tablets or even the car keys. Once neglected or forgotten these devices (items) can be stolen in fraction of seconds. The thief enjoys both the negligence of the owner and the environmental support to grab your object and flip/flops into the crowd. Most of the time such things happen so quickly that even the people near by you remains clueless. If your gadget is really an eye candy for you then it must be taken care like a toddler who requires mother's attention all the time. Always keep your laptops in front of your eyes rather than keeping them aside, even you can place them with some part of it touching with your body part so that you may sense any foul.

Worse Habit #2

Keeping your phone in the bag – Guys always place them in their trousers or jeans. Not all but few women do like to keep their mobile phones into their glossy purses. This again lures the notorious minds who wait for chocolaty moments like these. In a crowded metro or bus one can easily pretend to almost stick with you and then making his hands steal the show. Because the mobile is kept in the purse and not in the clothes, the ladies usually miss the sense of someone’s hand reaching out to their purses.

You can avoid this by keeping the phone always inside your pocket.

Worse Habit #3

Using Hand-free at dangerous locations – Though it is sad to share but many people including young boys and girls have lost their lives or sustained serious injuries to their bodies while crossing roads or railway tracks and operating the hands-free at loudest volume. Trust this, the jazzy music at loudest can make a human go lost completely not even hearing the voice of railway engine or speeding car. Who in the dreams would have thought of such devastating results just because of inappropriate use of hands free? Remember, hands-free are facility to make your interaction on phone simpler or perhaps to entertain for a while but don't use this device to get free from the life.

Educate kids to avoid hand-free on roads, railway tracks and near a construction site. The best time to use it when you are travelling inside a car/bus and of-course not while driving.

Worse Habit #4

Unhygienic usage of own devices – We mostly in a hurry forget to handle the equipment with clean hands. Ever expected to receive a clean gadget from the hands of a child? It's not their fault, kids will remain kids after all but adults can make the difference by always handling the electronics with hygienic conditions. It may be the hands or clean environment but gadgets are to be treated especially so that they don't get disturbed even by the tiniest of the dirt particle. Many a times the main cause of the trouble encountered in laptops/phones and computers are the accumulation of dust that comes either from us or from the surroundings.

At-least place the device into some kind of cover when not in use. Clean the cover timely to remove the hazardous particles from it. If the device has lost its shine then there are various solutions that can be applied to bring the glossiness back.

Worse Habit #5

Inappropriate sitting posture – There are number of incorrect sitting postures and only one correct posture which is shown in the second image. 

I feel no need to go in details of correct and incorrect sitting postures as the couple of images reflect all.

Worse Habit #6

Consuming heat from the devices – We have compromised here too by accepting all the radiated heat eliminated by computers (mostly laptops). Professionals don't think a twice using the laptop from their lap. Human body comes secondary even you should not place your mobile phone near the laptop ventilation side as it is hazardous for the other devices too. I remember keeping my laptop near by refrigerator and sensing more heated computer next day. Same goes with the human body which accepts these heats and later causes dryness and discolouration of the skin.

Worse Habit #7

Didn't realize the urge of backup till a disaster – Any data loss disaster doesn't arrive at doorstep by ringing the bell. It strikes unexpectedly leaving behind no smiles for sure. Not only computers, but phones too these days are becoming victims of data loss due to accidental formatting, virus infection and hard drive failure. You may afford to install an anti-virus software to prevent a data loss but other factors like theft can still make you isolate with your data. Data backup sounds preachy but when you realizes its need and available resources you will joyfully initiate the backup operations. Resources like hard drive clone, Time Machine in Macs, cloud services and USBs are simple facilities to take care of data even in the most challenging times.

Worse Habit #8

Multiple users on single system – Recently, news of a kid who made online shopping worth £1,700 from his parents account to buy iPad games went viral on social media. However, Apple returned all the money to the family that was playfully transferred by the kid. Incidents like this would hardly happen if there exist a separate user accounts for immature or other users. The highly confidential data remains safe and user purposes are also solved without any side complaining.

Worse Habit #9

Not restarting the system often – PC and Mac both are designed to deliver fast performances but over a period of time they become sluggish. Though the reason of slow down could be numerous, you can make small efforts in improving the speed significantly by restarting the machine in a course of time. Often restart the system at your work place in the midst of the day so that it can free u[ RAM spaces and gives you a fresh start. 

This ends some of the worse habits involving technology and man. Please write us more about new worse habits or the ones which we missed out.

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Fixes of 'Windows was unable to complete the Format'

For some time, you may try to format external hard drive or USB and all the time, getting error messages like 'Windows was unable to complete the format' or 'Windows Couldn't Format the Drive'. This may occur because of subsequent reasons and there is no guarantee that you'll able to format it by using some tactics.

Such sort of problems is pretty common with modern hard drives or USB's and might ends up with losing all of your valuable stuff permanently. Though, you might able to recover data if you're lucky enough and the storage device isn't completely dead.

           


Here's how the problem goes:
As soon as you connect the external hard drive to your PC, a pop up message will open and asks you to format the drive so you can use it further. Pressing Yes button will brings the error message as described earlier i.e. Windows was unable to complete the format. Formatting the hard drive using disk management utility will not help you either. Remember, unsuccessful formatting from the disk management will left the hard drive with RAW file structure. After that, CHKDSK utility will not helps in fixing the damaged hard drive file structure. 

In such cases, using various hard disk diagnostics tool or third party hard drive formatting tool is completely waste of money as well as takes your countless unsuccessful attempts to format hard drive.

Note: You might not able to recover data from such drives until you format it completely. So you're at huge risks of losing your valuable data forever specially when you haven't any copy of recently created backups.


Format drive using Diskpart

As the GUI based hard drive formatting method is not helpful anymore, we may switch to command based formatting method and see if we can get it done here. Follow the steps mentioned below and hopefully everything goes well.

1. Start typing CMD from the Windows 7 start menu search bar.
2. Right click on the Command Prompt from the main menu and choose Run as administrator
3. Enter the administrator passwords and hit OK
4. Type diskpart on the black screen and hit enter. This will lists all the currently attached storage device i.e.,  internal or external or both.
   
   
   
5. All the drive will be listed with numbers assigned to it. Find your problem drive by focusing attention on the drive size and its status.
6. Type select disk N, where N is the numbers assigned to your problem drive.
7. Type clean and hit enter. Disk Part will begin cleaning your drive and removes any damaged files structure it founds while scanning the drive.
8. Once the confirmation message appears that disk part successfully cleaned the disk, we need to create a primary partition the targeted drive by typing and hitting enter create primary partition.
9. On the next step, type format fs=fat 32 quick and press enter. Now the drive will be formatted in FAT format. Quick stands for performing quick format instead of clean format which may takes time longer than usual.
10. Now we need to assign the drive later to the problem drive. You can do so by assign command. Simply type assign on the same screen and hit enter and disk part will assign any available drive name for your drive.
11. Type exit and hit enter.

Now, you may able to use your drive (either external hard drive or USB) as before without any problem. Remember, data on the drive was completely erased but you can refer to various available recovery programs and see if you may able to get your data back.

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How to run Windows (exe) software on Mac OS X?

Even though you own a Mac OS X you will still look out for technical methods to run a Windows application on Mac OS X. We know windows executable files are in .exe format while Macs have .dmg or .pkg format for their executable applications. To make things simpler, Mac can run Windows OS through bootcamp partition or third party emulators like Parallels for Mac are able to run Windows applications simultaneously in an emulated environment without booting into bootcamp partition. The latest Parallels Desktop 8 for Mac supports Windows 8 on your OS X.

Installing and Running Window apps through Parallel for Macs software

• Visit (http://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/‎) and purchase Parallel for Mac @ price varying from $49.95 - $79.99. Install the tool on your Mac hard drive and begin its launch.

• Mark it, parallel for Macs are not bagged with the Windows OS installation copy. So, users must own their own genuine Microsoft Windows OS installation disk or an .iso image of the Operating System. If you don't have the disk with you, then find one on Ebay.com, Amazon or visit a Microsoft retail store.

• As we know Parallel for Mac run virtually you have to find the option located on the top-menu, File & Select New. This will give you an option to “Install Window through DVD or a stored Image file”. An OS disk or the image file saved on the Mac hard drive will help you upload and shoot the further process.

• You will be asked to provide Windows OS key. Further you can opt to select for 64-bit version of Windows.

• Next option asks, “How to use Win OS on Mac”. It gives option like use it as a PC where a separate window comes up and launches your Windows application from it. With this window it's easy to move Mac files to PC and vice-versa by just drag-and-drop. The next option is use it like a Mac, where it launches similar to other Mac applications, without a separate window.

• You can also put a name for your Windows OS. A name like Window8_Mac would be fine for my purpose.

• After all these fields have been filled appropriately, click with continue to begin installation of Windows from the DVD or image through interface of Parallels for Mac software.

Did you know, this emulator tool was previously named as “Parallels Workstation”, but this name renamed unpopular amongst many Mac users. Later it was renamed to Parallel for Macs and it is today a huge success and flawless method to run Windows OS virtually on a Mac OS X without creating a partition for the same on the Mac hard drive. With the help of this tool you may also upgrade your existing Windows OS to a higher version with the help of this tool. E.g.: Window 7 to Windows 8.

So, this was all about an emulator making you to enjoy windows apps on Mac but at times you may not want to spend above asked price for the emulator tool neither a full fledged Windows operating system on Mac? For few Window applications and playing some of the most popular games you can opt for free resources that enables running of .EXE files on a Mac OS X.

First such application to evaluate is:

Wine Bottler – Good thing about this app is it's free and run .exe application on Macs. Unlike the Parallel for Mac, it is not an emulator. In fact, WINE expands to “Wine Is Not an Emulator”. Once again, you must remember that this application is not suited for operating everything that can be run on a Microsoft OS. Just focus on single or few windows apps that you wish to run badly on OS X. WineBottler comes under Stable and Unstable versions both of which are capable to run on Snow Leopard, Lion and Mountain Lion. Download the .DMG file from website http://winebottler.kronenberg.org and install the tool on OS X Mac. All done, launch the app and let's review how great it works.

• Drag the icons, Wine and Winebottler to application folder.

• Launch the installed application and you will be welcomed by below screen-shot. The WINE utility contains three features displayed on the left hand side of the window. With Existing Prefixes, you can check out the list of Windows supported OS and down to this is the option to Install Predefined Prefixes. This one is for your needs now. Simply browse the default applications and select one of them & click Install. In the list of prefixes you will mostly find multimedia applications such as media players (traditional but popular media player for Windows such as Winamp), Microsoft Internet Explorer which you won't find on any of the Macs. Other such needy applications are the IrfanView, textpad and WinFF.

• Any time the WinBottler freezes to no response, you can simply force quit by pressing the button located on the top-left of the software interface.

• The third option which is “Create Custom Prefixes” is a facility that will help you install an application that might not be listed in the list of WineBottler. It’s obvious, Winebottler utility possess basic Windows application and for others unlisted apps you have to make use of its third option. Before proceeding, you should check for the Windows App downloaded so that executable file (exe) is located on OS X. From the Install File menu, browse the path of the file through Select File button. The next processes includes simple manual walk thought the application installation process.

Disadvantages of WineBottler application - Though, it sounds useful and cheap, it has plenty of packed disadvantages which may let you find another likewise options.

• WineBottler is dead slow sometimes. Perhaps it all depends upon the type of application you are dealing in with. Often the utility is fine and works satisfactory with some of the default applications.

• It may not give you an exact Microsoft application what you wanted it for. 

• Winebottler uses X11 which is an additional tool that helps it run on OS X. There are other tools like Wineskin that don't use X11 support.

What is X11 and prefixes after all?

Prefixes are the alternative word used for applications stored in the Winebottler application. The Predefined Prefixes is the list of defined applications on it. X11 is the real cause of how this utility runs the .exe files on Mac OS X. To know we might have to go deep about its working but overview suggested that it doesn't install the file on Mac but bundles it into the OS X environment. The entire process of running and installing the application pops out the X11 files on the Mac dock.

Let us quickly Evaluate WineSkin which serves the same purpose as Winebottler.

Wineskin supports Mac OS X Snow Leopard, Lion and Mountain Lion & is a good choice for gaming and non-gaming applications. The latest beta version of the WineSkin application doesn't need support of X11 files that were previously needed by Winebottler to execute windows application all the time. Other similar features of the tool are free of cost availability and exact manner of bundling PCs application on the Mac OS X hard drive.

Make your choice as per your requirements. Looking for complete PC environment on your Mac OS X then go for bootcamp or Parallels for Mac software. Else, install WINE to run few basic applications and popular games on Mac.

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Free tools to spice your Mac anytime

My point is to mention some of the best free utilities belonging to various categories that can any day make your life simpler. The tools to be mentioned don’t belong to a specific category but comprises of different themes like video creator app, image capture app, clean the Mac app and so on. So here goes the useful list of those apps absolutely free.  

Free Word Processor – A Mac by default has text edit to meet all your document processing needs. Either if you don't want to purchase Office for Mac the Textedit application will do all of your basic work that can be accomplished in Ms-Offices. Still you want to use a different app similar to the TextEdit then here are few options to proceed. Bean is similar to TextEdit and comes free to install on Intel Macs with OS X 10.5 or later. It's a very straight word processor designed for Mac OS X. Being free, the Bean has several cons like it doesn't support few of files of Ms-Word. Anyway, for simpler and less issues bean can be your choice to get done the documentation task. You can always try some more free processors like Bean – NeoOffice, OpenOffice & Focus Writer. 

Free Screen Capture tools – A Mac will grab the screen-shot of the windows by executing the command – CMD+Shift+3. Once done the image file is saved to the location (preferably desktop). Though, there are bunch of shareware that provides the unmatched facility to grab a screen-shot, we are focusing only on the freeware. One such free ware is DuckLink, is actually a cute named and looking utility just to capture the screens. Once installed like any other app on the Mac OS X, the DuckLink icon will place itself on the top panel. Once the mouse pointer is focused on the icon it instantly displays screen catching options through various figures like a rectangle. You may proceed with your desired figure & never miss a screen-shot. If you want to capture the screen and make a video out of it then try Camtesia. Though its paid utility and of-course for advanced users, still you can enjoy and create as many videos within its 30 days trial. So, don't wait and go on with Camtesia for unmatched output. 

Free Anti-virus Tools - Who said you won't need an AV tool on your Mac? These days, even hackers want to break the ice on Macs by intruding as much as possible. It's in the period of last one year that AV tools have become a topic for discussion on Macs. As the threats for Macs have increased in numbers so as the users who want to stay protected. If you’re on the latter side then install either ClamXav or Sophos. While ClamXav is not 100% an anti-virus tool, still it can manually be launched to check the authenticity of the file downloaded from the web. Sophos (Home Edition) on other hand is a complete anti-virus utility designed to provide protection to Macs from Trojans, malware and other threats. Get Sophos Now, its cheap and easy to use protection deal. 

Free Cleaner for Mac – This particular area comprises of numerous utilities that can throw out every possible garbage data from Mac partitions. Such utilities scan the entire hard drive or selected volumes of the Mac OS X and clean out junk data, caches data, unwanted language files and files. The sole purpose of these cleaning apps is to get rid of unnecessary data and grab as much free space as possible. As a Mac user you must try useful cleaning apps such as CCCleaner, App Cleaner, Onyx and Stellar Speed up Mac. These tools also possess free uninstaller to get rid of obstinate/vicious files that OS X is unable to trash. 

Free Cloud backup for Mac – Cheers Mac users as there are plenty of cloud sites ready to offer you free spaces & security as well. My favourite are the Dropbox, SugarSync and of course the Google Drive. You pay no money up to 2GB of spaces in Dropbox, 5GB of valuable spaces in SugarSync, again 5GB of spaces in Amazon Cloud Drive, MemoPal gives you straight 3GB free and Adrive that gives monstrously 50GB of free cloud spaces. Like me, you can sign-up to these free cloud addresses and start saving your data online.

The author of this post is using some of the apps mentioned above and sharing the information on the basis of his results. 

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Easy Steps to Make A Recovery Drive in Windows 8 Using Standard Flash Drive or USB

Recovery drive in Windows 8 is another great features to help user resurrect problems with their PC. Windows 8 facilitates easy ways to create recovery drive and let you free up some space (around 16 GB) by deleting the recovery partition. Creating recovery drive will move all the system repair and maintenance functionality of recovery partition to the USB (your recovery drive) and thus, you'll no longer need the inbuilt recovery partition.

All you need is a USB Drive of capacity up to 16 GB or more to store all the OEM recovery partition content & Windows 8 recovery & maintenance features. Make sure that you haven't stored your valuable files on it as this procedure will permanently wipes off all your current USB Data and make it very fresh. Remember, once you've successfully created the recovery drive, you can't use it for anything else.

Here's how to create recovery drive?

• On the desktop screen at Windows 8 PC, press “CTRL + 'W' ” altogether and type Recovery Drive in the search box.
• Click on the Settings category and again, click on 'Create a Recovery Drive' option from the left side of the window.
  
  
  
  
• Recovery drive window will now open. Check mark the option stating “Copy the recovery partition from the PC to the recovery drive” and click Next. Clearly, the recovery partition is much heavier in size and that's why we're ask you to have USB of at least 16 GB capacity.
  
  
  
• On the next step, you'll require to connect the blank USB that we're talking about. You may able to see your USB drive as soon as you connect it to your PC.
  
  
  
  
  Note: 2 GB is required space according to the image above, however it'll ask you for 16 GB space when the “Recovery Option” is selected to be backed up.
• On the next screen (Create the recovery drive screen), a warning message will appear to confirm you that everything on the drive will be deleted. Once you assured that you've successfully copied all your data from the USB, can go for “Create” option.
  
  
  
• That's all you've to do for creating recovery drive. Depending on the system specs, this step will take some time and finally comes with confirmation dialog that your recovery drive is successfully created.
  
  
  

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Analyze the areas where Mac can improve its speed & performance

Who doesn't wish for a Mac that would never go slow and work as fast as it worked on first day of the purchase? Mostly, things are not in the manner we really wish to and same goes for the speed of the Mac OS which with time depreciates. And it's not only Mac but a PC or even a mobile phone, no matter how smart the device is, it will show you its sluggishness after a passage of time.   To get the slow Mac machine re-work like Usain Bolt, one should apply plenty of free tips as well as utilities to get a lightning bolt Mac.  

Firstly, identify the area where improvements can be done? Starting with the storage devices like the system's hard drive which should be always kept clean from all sorts of unwanted files. Defining unwanted files may lead us to those small and bulky files that are not used on Mac but still exist because their presence goes unnoticed. Such files can accumulate in system files, caches folders, log reports, Application, and Utilities folder and download folders. Let us also not forget the trash folder which goes unnoticed from the eye of user for many months. All these crap files collectively enjoy good amount of free space from the hard drive making the Mac painfully slow.  

But why Caches will slow down a Mac? This needs to be answered as users have a perception that caches fasten their browsing experience which is true. But at the same time the OS has to locate from pool of caches files to return the users request which indeed consumes more time. So, it is wise to shorten the amount of cache file and keep only required ones. 

Does new installation hurts free space?

Further, any time a software is installed on the Mac OS X the hard drive again cuts down the storage space to save plenty of unwanted language files. It's obvious as a English user I have no formalities left with the Spanish, German, Italian or Russian scripts. All such files would be useless to me and must be removed keeping my default language English with me. To get this and above problem solve we have Mac cleaner utilities that analyzes these files and display to users for final removal, resulting in free space for the OS X. It is important to undertake that many times a Mac cleaner tool removes universal binaries making the PowerPC application go nuts. If you want those application to run back on your Mac then you need to fresh install them. So careful, you don't select Universal Binary if you have application based on them. 

A Speed up Mac tool hunts down the cluttered data from hard drive folders such as caches, logs, downloads, system junks and leftovers. The tool can also let you uninstall a troubled application that trash won't be able to do. One such peculiar code is Error Code-8003 where some stubborn refuse to be removed from the system. 

Tip: Consider installing a SSD drive to your Mac & experience the lightning bolt performance. 

Though RAM is not a storage device but its contribution to the performance of Mac is highly noticeable. Whether a Mac is slow or fast can be determined by its RAM size. A healthy RAM size always help the user to quickly swap between several open applications, launch an application instantly, thrilling games experience and much more. It's a fact; most users have reported superb OS X performance by merely upgrading their system's RAM size. If you believe it's the RAM that would make a huge performance difference then you must upgrade now.

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Easily Move Your Current OS from Old SSD to Brand New Higher Capacities SSD

SSD, stands for Solid State Drives made its strong presence in the storage industry and gradually become popular from the very first day of its release. Continuously falling SSD prices may be the reasons of its growing popularity and significant improvement in SSD uses. 

However, Cliff Sun, director of product marketing at San Disk, claims that that these trends will going to break this year and no further decreases in SSD prices for users. Cliff also said that SSD market player may reduce the cost in coming days that may end up with up with some existing manufacturer out of the market.

Nowadays, a SSD costs you around $1/GB whereas, a normal HDD would costs around 50 cents per gigabyte, exactly half of the SSD prices. But SSD's are considered to be more safe, reliable, and faster than modern hard drives. This would ultimately increase your PC uses productivity, provides better gaming experience, give less or not at all any data loss situations.

Due to increased data loss cases from the traditional hard drive drives by firmware corruption, manufacturer fault, virus/ malware infections etc.,  HDD supplies were fallen to 578 Million in 2012 than 626 Million in 2011, report claims.

                     

Probably, you've already turned to SSD and replaces traditional hard drives or using it for merely as a backup drive or as an extra storage space for keeping all your important files. You may find a good discussion here about why you should get an SSD and keep your HDD too.

Most of the time, users preferred to purchase low capacity solid state drives due to its higher costs over traditional hard disk drive. Low capacities solid state drives may suddenly runs out of space to install any application program or to save your data. Thus, you need to replace the current SSD with higher capacities SSDs, so could you store any more data or play any high graphics game.

To switch from old low capacities solid state drives to your brand new SSD, you'll need a payware (costs you around $20) from Paragon entitled Paragon Migrate OS to SSD 3.0. This software will easily align your new SSD according to Windows 7 and make it primary bootable device. You don't need to waste hours to install new OS and copy/move all your files. Just install and run this program, it will manage the rests operation and give you exactly the same OS with any or all the pre existed programs already installed.

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How to Recover Files After Hard Drive Reformatting

Hard drive usually stores all the user data and operating system that allows user to read, write, access or share information with other users or group. Sometime, when hard drive error blow in or malware spread among PC, users needs to format their partition or whole hard drive in order to make it fresh or bug free. However, formatting will erase all the hard drive data and make it like a brand new as you use it at the very first day. Though, deleted files from hard drive or similar storage devices weren't deleted permanently and likelihood, you might able to reconstruct the deleted data back to its previous condition with the help of hard drive recovery program.

Image Credit : Livingstudios

Formatting will only erases the address location or pointer of files situated in the hard drive and actual data will continue to exist in the hard drive till it's not written over with different files. So, its highly recommended to avoid using the problem drive till you successfully reclaimed deleted or formatted stuff.  Remember, formatting or reformatting will not change the status of deleted files or overwrites data, so beware if you think that reformatting will wipes off your data from the hard drive to let you safely dispose it off.

Note: Formatting done using command or in GUI mode, the source data will continue to exist in the storage media and file system will stores record of it into Master File Table (MFT).

Why hard drive needs to be formatted?
At many occasions, hard drive throws list of errors and ask users to format before they can use it. The same error would continue to arise till the formatting is done. It happens usually because of bad or failing hard drive components like platter, heads, PCB or firmware, virus/malware outbreak, power surges, human mistakes etc.

When hard drive faces any of the situations mentioned above, it'll start to throw errors or performs abruptly. The following symptoms will help you discover that hard drive suffers from serious errors and needs to be replaced.

1. Operating system not found
2. Hard Drive Goes Bad, Backup and Replace
3. Booting media failure
4. Disk Read Error
5. Non system disk or Non Booting Media

How Hard Drive Recovery Program Works?
Professional hard drive recovery utility will deeply scan hard drive up to the mark and find all traces of deleted documents from all over the hard disk platters. These disk recovery software is built using special technique and runs only in read-write mode to protects deleted stuff from being overwritten and recovers the original data as it's in previous state.

First of all, you'll need to use different PC or Laptop to scan and recover data from the problem storage media. You can unplug the problem device from the computer and connect it externally using IDE/SATA cable. Data recovered from the problem media should be saved on the targeted PC to prevent overwriting of deleted files.

Getting your data auspiciously recovered through using hard drive recovery programs?

Once you downloaded and installed hard drive recovery software on your PC, double click on it's icon from the desktop to start it.  Recovery program has simple Do-It-Yourself recovery wizard and makes your data recovery process lot more easier.

Recover programs should have hard drive recovery option or similar at the home screen where it'll automatically list the discovered storage media. Most probably, there you'll find your problem media listed along with drive name, size and status information.

Once you click to choose any specified media, recovery options will pop up like Quick Recovery, Advanced Recovery (FAT or NTFS) , Deleted File Recovery, RAW Recovery. All options have unique capability to search and find traces of deleted files within the specified storage media. You just need to select any one of them and start scanning the media. Depending on the drive size or level of corruption, scan process will takes time and soon flashes the scan results.

Navigate to your deleted or formatted media along with a red cross signs to it. Check mark the box and hit on Recover button to recover any or all your stuff at once.

That's it. Recovering precious files is never been easier but the moder techniques and growing advancement in data recovery industry lets user overcome from the troublesome situations without needing any professional help.

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How to set up multiple OS X on a single Mac system?

Your Mac must be having a large hard drive space, so large that you can use it for another OS X installation. Here is a simple justification why you need to have 2 version of OS X. First, if you got Lion 10.7 and facing problems to run some applications then you must turn to Snow Leopard in order to get those apps running. Same can happen with the latest Mountain Lion 10.8, where you eagerly want to get Lion on the same machine. Now the question arises, how one must proceed in order to get dual OS up & running on Mac OS X. 

Initially, you must organize your hard drive to get as much free space as possible. This can be accomplished by traveling to the Utilities<<Application<<Disk Utility and lancing the utility to partition your HD effectively. Though, OS won’t need a large hard drive space you can further create another drive partition to install other applications or software. 

Note: Prior to any activity, the hardware specification of the Mac machine is to be matched with the OS X version to avoid any non-compatibility troubles. Once done you must proceed by: 

1. Shut the Mac & start it again, press the key combination which is 'CMD & R' just after listening to the chime sound. The menu appears and brings in the Disk Utility in front of you. Locate the tab 'Partition' to perform the upcoming activities.
2. The blue space of the hard drive indicates that it is already been occupied by an OS. Take the mouse over the right-cornered re-sizing feature and bring it upwards to minimize free spaces. Once done, you notice the GREY space below the re-sized Mac partition, which is available for a new partition.  
3. Click '+' to add a new partition and supply with its name, format, and size.
4. Time now to save the partition changes by hitting 'APPLY'. Partition is ready to serve your purpose of having different copy of OS X.

Start your Mac installation with the help of the Installation disk (Lion or Snow Leopard). Put the disk into the Mac and navigate to Disk utility to select the disk & restart to begin installing another OSX version. 

Must check-out the alternative way of running two OS X using Parallels, where no dual boot is required. http://mac.tutsplus.com/tutorials/os-x/install-two-versions-of-os-x-on-one-mac-using-parallels/

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Restore Data from External Hard Drive Showing RAW Status

All the storage devices in this real world comes with their unique benefits and drawbacks, like hard drive and similar storage media. You can use your hard drive for saving precious stuff, running the latest OS, playing high graphics games etc. Similarly, removable media storage devices can be used as a data traveler or saving your precious stuff or sometime, installing or booting windows from it.

Being an electronic equipment, these devices may imminently fails or become inaccessible because of various factors like degrading internal equipments, infectious malware programs or sometimes you as well. The problem comes handy when everything was running fine but suddenly your storage device stops working properly or not at all and showing RAW in My Computer > Drives screen or under  Disk Management. After that, you'll not be able to re access your data or see the inside stored content. Moreover, if the situation is too tragic, you'll be asked to format the drive first to access device any further and thus, losing all the valuable data forever.

What that means and how you can fix it, wondering why? I've combined some possible reasons that could cause this and make your hard drive RAW along with subsequent possible fixes, preventive measures and steps to restore your data back.

                 

What that means/why did this happens?

Any digital data storing device comes with a preinstalled file system that defines its data storing sets or working mechanism. For every file system, there is a record in partition table or boot sector that determines the drive location and responsible for its proper functioning.

If the partition table or record becomes damaged or corrupted, it will no longer able to recognize the file system type and assigned the status as RAW.  Windows couldn't read any drive with such status and thus, ask you to format it first to assign a file system.

            

Windows inbuilt check disk functionality will also not work as the file system type is unknown and gives you error, like:

chkdsk cannot be run on the drive
The type of the file system is RAW.
CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives.

The drive can eventually becomes RAW due to various unavoidable facts like not safely removing it from the computer, power surges, shaking or dropping it in the floor, virus/malware infected PC damages the external drive file system etc.

You shouldn't plug the drive to already infected machine, always use Safely Remove Hardware option to disconnect the drive, keep it in safe and cool place. Other than that, you can take as more caution as possible to make the drive life longer.

How to recover data?

When the drive eventually becomes RAW and becomes inaccessible, it doesn't mean all your data is lost or damaged. Instead, it still exists in the drive and can be safely recovered using some powerful recovery program. Remember, things don’t come with any guarantee and so as any file recovery program.

All you need is to carefully follow the steps mentioned below and see if you're lucky enough to find your data back again.

1. Download recommended file recovery program and install it on your PC.
2. Connect the problem drive to your computer.
3. Choose the drive from the recovery program home screen and select any 
    standard method to scan the drive like Quick Recovery, Advance Recovery,
    RAW Recovery.
4. After few minutes, it'll list all the formatted contents from the problem drive
    and let you see the preview of recoverable content.
5. If you've still missing some important files, run RAW Recovery option. As it
    searches drive sector by sector, will take more time than other options, but
    give precise and accurate results.
6. Once you've find the missing or important files, can hit on Recover to safely
    restore it.

Probably, you've learned a new lesson in this case and will do a regular backup as well as distribute it to cloud or other storage media devices like CD DVD, USB or SSD.

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Why Boot Camp is slow on my Mac OS X?

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Mac is the only hardware available in the world that let you run OS X and Windows on a same machine without any violation of EULA. Boot Camp is a great assistance to those geeks who wish to enjoy benefits of Mac & Win simultaneously on a single machine. Every single user wish to participate in Windows gaming, perhaps which is the best reason to install Windows OS on Mac. But boot camp assistance often ends up in misery when people reports complaint of poor boot camp performance in terms of speed. Even though the Mac is equipped with sufficient RAM and hard drive space still the boot camp crawls instead of high-flying. So, shall we conclude that even Macs are able to run Win but often with compromises? Here, I share an interesting post where 5 machines (two Macs and other including Dell, HP) were compared to test the performance of Windows. Obviously, Windows on Mac were tested through boot camp and all machines had equal hardware specifications. Surprisingly, the Macbook Pro outshines all the other system running Windows. So, you must kick out the thought that Windows are not meant for Macs. Here, are few reasons responsible for slow boot camps:-

• Lack of sufficient RAM space or hard drive, vice-versa.


• It has been reported that version of Windows on boot camp also makes a huge difference in its performance. Like Windows 7 is the best suited OS for boot camp than others like Vista, though Windows 8 is still to confirm with Mac OS X.


• Lack of a prescribed video card for Windows OS, if your interest is in gaming. You can't expect to flawlessly run Modern Warfare on machine in absence of the suited video graphics card.


• Missing appropriate boot-camp driver for Mac OS X. Update drivers to enjoy fast browsing etc.

So, Boot-Camp slows down the OS X is mere a myth: It just relocates the Windows OS to partition which remains separated from OS X. The only glitches it can produce is during boot since their exists more than one OSs.

Boot-Camp Alternatives: - Parallel is an alternative to boot camp but only when you left out gaming and use for small tasks like office etc. Else, if game is the priority then boot-camp is the answer as it offers alike PC experience for gaming.

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How to Uninstall Windows 8 in Just 3 Minutes

Windows 8 might be the biggest launch in OS industry and user upgraded their PC fearlessly from whichever version of Windows they were using to Windows 8, either by clean install or making it dual boot. But it’s true that Windows 8 is failed to leave strong remark of their existence and get mixed reactions from major hardware manufacturer and experts around the world.

Some PC users who upgraded to Windows 8 might not happy with their sudden decision and wants to switch back to Windows 7. At the Windows 8 download page, Microsoft says

If you decide to go back to your previous operating system, you'll need to reinstall it from the recovery or installation media that came with your PC, which is typically DVD media. If you don’t have recovery media, you might be able to create it from a recovery partition on your PC using software provided by your PC manufacturer. Check the support section of your PC manufacturer's website for more information. After you install Windows 8, you won’t be able to use the recovery partition on your PC to go back to your previous version of Windows.

So, if you decided to go back to Windows 7 from Windows 8, take backup of your important files to make sure that you not loose any files that may get formatted during the reinstalling procedure.

Removing Windows 8 from the Dual Boot PC
If the windows 8 is installed on PC as a separate partition along with Windows 7 (dual-boot), you can easily uninstall it by removing that particular partition. Before that, copy/move any important files from Windows 8 partitions to an external media or Windows 7 folder and follow the steps mentioned below.

• Navigate to Start, Run and type msconfig in the open window. Press Enter.
• Find the 'Boot' tab and select the Windows 8 boot option. Choose 'Delete' and select Windows 7 as your primary boot partition or make it your default OS.
• Close msconfig window.
• You also need to format that partition from the 'Disk Management'. To do that, navigate to control panel, administrative tools, computer management and find disk management from the left hand pane. Right click on it and choose format.
• Reboot your PC.

Now, you will no longer see your Windows 8 or any of its content either. But, if you've overwritten Windows 7 partition with Windows 8, you better get prepare for the long go (see next part of this article).

Un-installing Windows 8, Installed by overwriting Windows 7
This step requires having your windows 7 installation media along with the product key. Prior doing anything, create full backup of your entire hard drive as it may completely wipe your PC.

Just boot using your Windows 7 installation media, typically Windows 7 installation CD/DVD or the bootable USB with Windows 7 on it. Follow the same steps as installing Windows 7 for the first time you did and completely format the Windows 8 partition. This will install a fresh copy of Windows 7 and successfully remove Windows 8 with all of its traces.

However, you always able to reinstall Windows 8 again on your PC without any trouble. This tutorial is for users who don't feel comfortable with the glitches of Windows 8 or get hard time to clearly understand this next generation OS. 

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Curious kid, more responsible for photo loss on Mac OS X

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To be candid, kids are the most wonderful creation of god on this planet loved and cherished by all. There would be hardly any entity on the planet who doesn't share a cordial relationship with children.  Afraid to mention this but many time, especially younger kids attending play schools & elementary schools can pose a serious threat to the data stored on the Mac OS X hard drive. Must not forget that data loss in the form of images, videos, & audios frequently occurs either by human errors or by technical failures. Other than that, few exceptions like a sabotage of the Mac machine & it’s hard drive could also result in the data disaster. And, for all the above misadventures kids are the most suited to be blamed for.

Children, these days usually have access to their parent's laptops, desktops, USBs, & digital cameras. Not to ignore the fact that they learn technology quickly than adults, still there are unfortunate instances available where kids out of knowledge executes those commands which ends up inviting a mess. Accidental deletions of files even on digital cameras are quite frequently reported by their parents. Sometimes, the damage done is huge when an important document or a bank statement is man-handled. However, children are often not to be blamed for the drastic results but yes parents knew what amount of harm they have received in no time.  

As we know, there exist no cure to this problem we can only prevent it to a much extent. Putting the computer away from the child also seems to be illogical and harsh. So, what options do we have them? Trust this; there are few techniques where you can protect your data from peculiar kids. 

For Mac OS X users only: -

• Create a separate user account for your child on Mac OS X & even protect your account with a strong password. That will not only make the OS X safe from the kid but also from unauthorized person.


• Even though you can't create a separate account or share your account password with your child, try to manage your valuable files away from their reach. You can do so by saving your files on a dedicated partition & move all your child related applications to a different partition. In the midst, of all this, keep the boot volume away from your activities as some good amount of space will always be required to boot the Mac faster. Install all the games into volume dedicated for your child.


• If you want to assure the safety of your official files, then always create multiple copies stored on different location. For data less then 2GB, use Dropbox cloud service or Google Drive which are now a great source of free backup.


• These days, we now have external hard drives that can be locked with the help of a key in the form of credit card & works exactly like swapping a transaction. Although, you may have an external hard drive without this feature but in future the demand of such device may go high due to its safety features that prevents data theft to huge extent.


• With the assistance of the Disk Utility<<New Image option, you can create a password protected disk image & transfer the data to the image. Later, mount the disk image to access your files & folders with the help of the chosen password. This feature makes the files ultra-safe from all kind of threats including little children & any other users. The only risk involved in the features is when you loose your password which would deprive you of accessing any files stored on the mounted disk image. Learn to set password protection for important files.

Be aware of other utilities such as file protection tools & of course a Mac photo recovery software that would play an import an role in regaining any of the accidental deleted files.

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